bet9app下载在信息技术(IT)战略领域已经工作了几十年. 多年来，我们的团队已经看到了许多好的和不太好的IT策略的例子.
开发一个健壮的 IT策略 需要技术和许多业务相关方面的知识. 分享资讯科技策略的知识, 我们用具体的例子和图像确定了一个坚实的IT战略的11个要素. The first four elements relate to the IT current state assessment and the remaining seven to a target IT state design.
1. 它的基线
当前状态评估为任何IT策略构建了一个强制性事实基础. One of the initial elements of the current IT state assessment is understanding the baseline relating to costs and staff. It is important to split these across key IT towers: applications (including development and maintenance), 基础设施, 用户级计算, 它管理. An additional split is required for costs and expenses: into capital expenditures (CapEx) and operational expenditures (OpEx).
2. 财务IT分析和IT基准
一旦收集了IT基线的关键元素, 现在是时候开始对它们进行分析和基准测试了. 财务IT分析必须包括通过IT塔评估成本(包括资本支出和运营支出), 要么改变企业，要么经营企业, 按类型(e.g. 人员、设备、服务)、外包程度、离岸程度等. It is essential to have a look at the costs associated with all key projects and initiatives.
Common metrics allow companies to understand if they underspend or overspend on technology compared to peers or evaluate if they invest enough into changing and transforming their organization rather than simply running it. 必须作为基准的比率包括:
- IT成本比率:IT费用占总收入的比例
- 运营业务的IT成本份额:运营业务IT成本/ IT总成本
- Share of IT costs to change-the-business: Change-the-business IT costs / Total IT costs
- IT强度:总IT成本/总IT成本+总运营成本
3. 支柱技术评价
The technology assessment is one of the most important and work-heavy elements of the current state. 可以把它想象成按应用程序划分的几个it映射, 基础设施元素，如数据中心, 主机和服务器, 网络元素, 数据集群——其中包含大量bet9app下载. 这些见解是:
- 技术问题(e.g.，货币，缺乏一体化)
- 业务问题(e.g.，手工加工，加工时间长)
- 风险(e.g.、安全、不兼容的接口)
可以通过现有评估获取这些元素, 与中小企业的讨论, 商业伙伴访谈, 以及对现有IT构件的评审, 包括应用程序, 基础设施, 数据架构.
We typically assess IT management and IT governance as separate components that consist of multiple elements, 其中包括以下内容:
- IT角色和职责
- 供应商管理
- 它的风险管理
- 预算与投资管理
- 绩效管理
这里的一个单独步骤是标识所有IT项目. 必须对项目进行评估，以便它们能够与新设计的目标状态保持一致. Then, they can be either continued, accelerated, or stopped, even if it results in sunk costs.
4. 它的机会
它的机会 are one of the most exciting steps in the IT current state assessment. All identified issues and risks from the technology and business sides must be synthesized into a set of opportunities, 理想的分组在不同的类别. 此机会列表将告知目标状态设计.
当我们回顾所有的IT当前状态评估交付物时, we can move forward with the key elements of IT策略 related to the target IT state.
5. 它的设计原则
It is best practice to start the design of IT策略 by designing the IT principles that will guide the entire target design work. 这些原则过滤掉与目标状态不一致的选项. 这些原则应该足够普遍，不排除太多可能的选择.
6. IT和业务战略的一致性
调整IT和业务策略非常重要，但经常被遗忘. 理解这一点至关重要, 在大多数情况下, IT is a function that does not exist in a vacuum; IT must enable business. It means that an IT or technology strategy must support and empower a business to achieve its objectives. 这些对象可以提供低成本的服务, 为客户提供高效的自助服务, 提供最具创新性的解决方案, 或者确保客户交易的最高安全级别.
IT战略和业务战略之间应该有一个清晰的bet9app, 其中可能包括, 在其他方面, 将IT目标和需求映射到业务目标.
7. 目标状态设计 & 目标IT体系结构
目标状态设计是IT策略的核心. It describes a consistent, clearly defined target state across various IT towers, including:
- 应用程序(包括体系结构)
- 基础设施(包括体系结构)
- 最终用户计算(包括架构)
目标状态设计可以与定义目标架构(技术)相结合, 基础设施, data, 业务). 当正确的定义, the resulting artifacts will communicate to all parties the target state towards which everybody is working. 这些工件必须被广泛的业务涉众所理解, 而不仅仅是那些有深厚技术背景的人. Making artifacts easily understandable will enable business stakeholders to evolve business offerings and align them with technology evolution.
在某些情况下，目标状态有不止一种替代方案. Therefore, making decisions about what path to take requires a concise comparison of options.
One of the target state design deliverables is a long list of derived target state IT elements and capabilities that might be implemented in the future. 展望未来, this list can be combined with a list of opportunities from the current state assessment to inform the 它的路线图.
8. IT治理目标
Establishing target IT governance at this stage in IT策略 development is optional. Some companies might already have an efficient and effective IT governance to build upon and do not need to reshuffle it as a part of every IT策略. 如果不是这样，it治理可能包含在it策略范围内. 它意味着清晰而简洁地定义一系列It治理要素，包括:
- 供应商管理
- 关键这流程
- 角色和职责
- IT供需管理
- IT预算和成本分配
- IT服务模型和服务水平协议
9. 技术创新
技术和创新是携手并进的. While new technologies can redefine how clients are served and what products are offered, 它们也可以用来使IT更有效率和有效(e.g., cloud computing, artificial intelligence, intelligent automation, and robotic process automation).
因此, an essential part of every organization’s IT策略 is assessing potential innovations and incorporating them into the 它的路线图. That includes a portfolio of innovative technologies to watch for and a roadmap of trials, 飞行员, 以及遵循明确定义的门逻辑的滚出.
10. IT机会和目标状态设计元素的优先级排序
This element of IT策略 links together deliverables both from the current state assessment (in the form of opportunities) and from the target state design (in the form of target state elements and capabilities). It is important to develop a robust list of all 它的机会 evaluated across two dimensions:
- 易于实现(或需要的努力)
- 估计的影响和效益
评估不是一项简单的任务. 重要的是要记住几件事:
- 并非所有的机会都能轻易地与利益bet9app在一起. 将需要建立其他能力(e.g.，单个客户视图). 我们称这种能力为“使能者”,” which can be incorporated into an 它的路线图 and impact-driving opportunities and capabilities.
- Some opportunities and capabilities do not come alone and must be bundled with a few others to succeed, 例如在线客户数据捕获和CRM集成.
- Some opportunities will be there to reduce risks – it is important to agree on an approach to associate some value with them, 比如高安全性标准.
11. 它的路线图
任何IT策略的开发都以IT路线图的开发结束. 然而, 我们发现这是有帮助的, 除了经典的路线图视图之外, 开发所谓的架构或目标状态演化视图, which shows year by year how the organization is expected to evolve towards the target state.
不过, the final IT策略 deliverable must include a classical roadmap with all key initiatives, 相关的费用, 里程碑, 角色, 和责任. 这将是持续跟踪IT项目的基础.
如果您对评估当前的IT状态或开发IT策略感兴趣, Burnie Group’s experienced team has decades of relevant experience across a range of industries, from financial services and insurance to software providers and real estate organizations.
你打算做什么 全力投入(PMI)? 请记住，PMI中的IT是收益和收益的关键来源之一, 在大多数情况下, 必须从一开始就解决. Our PMI specialists with a focus on technology will be happy to guide you through the entire process.
要进一步了解我们的IT策略能力， bet9app.
By: Alexey Saltykov，实践领袖，数字化转型